Results matching “paint”

Street artist Ben Eine is a high-profile street artist from London who now lives in the USA. When he returns to London, he often adds a new mural or refreshes one of his older murals. His work can be seen in various spots throughout London from the Olympic Park to Petticoat Lane and near Shoreditch High Street. Many steel shutters include letters painted by him. His most recent work in London was a refresh of his "Love" mural on Ebor Street. Both sides of this street contain the artist's work, and it has changed over the years. Last year, it was looking tagged over, so the refresh was needed. The new mural was created in collaboration with Dotmasters and reads "I don't like this anymore".

The mural's statement may be that the street artist is tired of the wall, perhaps, or it could be a statement following the "Love" statement that was painted by the artist on the same wall in 2019. Perhaps it is a statement about something else entirely or about London or Shoreditch in general or the pandemic time. I am not really sure.

Dotmasters collaborated with his smiley print in alternating red, orange, yellow, and white colours. These smiles are patterned behind the statement in bold and bright typography that Eine painted.

More street art by street artist Ben Eine on this blog can be seen below:

New Ben Eine Street art "Love" in 2019
Ben Eine "Peace is Possible" Street Art
Street Art: Ben Eine
Ben Eine Paints 'Like Nothing Else' on Ebor Street
Ben Eine Tribute to Grenfell Tower Victims
Ben Eine 'Last Days of Shoreditch'
Ben Eine New Street Art Summer 2016
Ben Eine 'Extortonists' Refresh

Street artist Zabou, who is based in London, has refreshed a couple of murals in east London. These murals have been frequently tagged over, so it is good to see them repainted and refreshed. I enjoy seeing Zabou's work appear, and it is good to see pieces refreshed from time to time as well.

The Salvador Dali mural located near Spitalfields Market on Commercial Street has been refreshed a couple of times, and the newest refresh includes Dali with a pink leopard-print shirt and a cat. It was refreshed at the end of March in 2020.

The other mural is located on Brick Lane, and it was painted over a couple of times almost soon after it was originally painted. Thanksfully, the repaint has lasted for some time, but the artist does return to remove the tags and refresh it.

Previous Zabou murals that have appeared on this blog include:

Zabou Paints "Good Vibes"
Zabou Paints "Sisters" on Kingsland Road
Zabou Paints Audrey Hepburn on Brick Lane
Zabou: "Jack the Ripper" Street Art
Zabou: 'Racism is a Virus' Street Art
New Murals by Zabou in East London (Clockwork Orange, Sherlock, David Bowie)
Zabou "The Shining" and Refresh of Salvador Dali in Spitalfields
Villana and Zabou Collaborate on Amy Winehouse Street Art
Zabou paints Sid Vicious from 'The Sex Pistols'
Zabou Paints Freda #2 at Broadway Market
Zabou Paints Salvador Dali on Commercial Road
Koeone and Zabou Collaborate
"Keep Out!" Street Art by Zabou
Zabou's 'Cabinet of Curiosity' Street Art
Leake Street Tunnels Street Art, Spring 2016
Recent Street Art by Zabou
Street Art: Zabou

Street artist David Shillinglaw has recently painted a large-scale mural on Zetland House in Shoreditch. It has been awhile since the artist has painted a mural in London, and this one was painted on behalf of London Mural Fest, London's first mural festival that took place in the autumn. Shillinglaw is influenced by tribal, abstract, and pop art. 

More posts on this blog with David Shillinglaw's work is located here:

Street Art: David Shillinglaw
Street Art Round-Up to July 2015
Malarky Returns to Create Street Art on East London Shutters

Street artist Dale Grimshaw has painted a wall on the high profile corner of Hanbury Street and Brick Lane recently. The mural design coincides with artwork that the artist painted on a London bus panel to raise charity for a decommissioned bus to be turned into accommodation for homeless people in London. Dale Grimshaw's work has been appearing over London for many years now, and the work that he has produced over the past few years aims to bring attention to West Papua. The portraits are likenesses of the people from there.

Unfortunately, the work was damaged within a week or two of being placed, and it was heavily tagged over. It's such a beautiful piece that it is a shame that it was destroyed before too many people coud enjoy it.

For more murals by Dale Grimshaw on this blog, see the posts below:

Dale Grimshaw Paints Hanbury Street for Well Hung Gallery Exhibition
Dale Grimshaw Paints For Manchester's "Cities of Hope Festival"
Dale Grimshaw Paints the Village Underground Wall, Part 2
Dale Grimshaw Paints Hanbury Street Ahead of "Pride and Prejudice" Exhibit
Dale Grimshaw Paints the Village Underground Wall
Dale Grimshaw Mural in Support of Papua New Guinea
Street Art: Dale Grimshaw, Icon, Code FC, Low Bros, El Mac and others

Street artist Zabou painted this new mural, titled "Good Vibes" with the model saxophonist Nubya Garcia. The mural was painted at the end of February in 2020 off of Kingsland Road and is a tribute to jazz music. This is one of the artist's largest-scale murals.

Previous Zabou murals that have appeared on this blog include:

Zabou Paints "Sisters" on Kingsland Road
Zabou Paints Audrey Hepburn on Brick Lane
Zabou: "Jack the Ripper" Street Art
Zabou: 'Racism is a Virus' Street Art
New Murals by Zabou in East London (Clockwork Orange, Sherlock, David Bowie)
Zabou "The Shining" and Refresh of Salvador Dali in Spitalfields
Villana and Zabou Collaborate on Amy Winehouse Street Art
Zabou paints Sid Vicious from 'The Sex Pistols'
Zabou Paints Freda #2 at Broadway Market
Zabou Paints Salvador Dali on Commercial Road
Koeone and Zabou Collaborate
"Keep Out!" Street Art by Zabou
Zabou's 'Cabinet of Curiosity' Street Art
Leake Street Tunnels Street Art, Spring 2016
Recent Street Art by Zabou
Street Art: Zabou

Originally from Rome, Alice Pasquini paints illustrative portraits that represent expression, and she has painted all over the world. Pasquini enjoys painting on the streets as it adds a new level of interaction and unexpectedness to the work. The last time that I covered her work was in 2018 when she returned to London to paint a couple of small portraits. The following piece is in Camden, London, and it was painted in 2013 but I only just recently discovered it in Camden. 

The artwork is comprised of a young female with a hat and bunch of flowers. It is located on the side of a Greek restaurant in Camden on Plender Street. I enjoy seeing new artwork by Alice Pasquini because it always looks refreshing and her style is so different other street artists.

Street artist Alice Pasquini has quite a few murals in Manchester, and she often paints portraits. Additional blog posts with her work can be seen here:

Street Artist Alice Pasquini Returns to London
Street Art: Alice Pasquini
Alice Pasquini - New Portraits of Young Women

Fed up with thick mud and not having a decent place to walk around that is mud-free and not streets of terraced houses, I ventured into central London to have a change of scenery for the first time in a month. My destination was Southbank where a "Winter Light" exhibition is currently on display around Southbank Centre. There are approximately thirty artworks on display with the focus and theme of "Winter Light". For those of you who are too far to travel to Southbank or those who are self-isolating, check out the images below, which are on display until the end of this month. 

I visited the exhibition during the mid-afternoon in order to avoid the crowds, although I had to wait a short amount of time for the lights to come on. I did not have to wait long since the sky was dark and overcast throughout the whole day, so I was able to leave Southbank before it got too crowded. I was actually amazed that quite a few people were out on Southbank during this time. Anyway, the photographs and a short description of the work is below.

"From the series 'No Such Organisation', 2018-2020" by Navine G. Khan-Dossos

On display in front of Haywood Gallery are several paintings from a group of one hundred that the artist, Khan-Dossos, has created based on themes of technology, surveillance, and freedom of speech. The artworks are a series of graphical and geometrical illustrations created with bright colours and patterns. Look closer at the artwork to pick apart symbols.

"Total Collapse" by Toby Ziegler

Tony Ziegler uses mixed media (painting, sculpture, video) to create artwork. "Total Collapse" shows an abstract landscape, and it was created using a "ghost file" (corrupted file) that was recovered from the artist's first computer after fifteen years. The recovered file was transformed into a painting that was then defaced with an electric sander. The bold lines and patterns of this artwork fits in with the Southbank Centre's architecture.

"Slugs on the Cabbage of Bliss" by Toby Ziegler

The second artwork by Toby Ziegler is located in a window and features a sculpture that is a rendition of a computer-generated landscape that was painted by hand with Japanese ink on Shoji paper. The title of the artwork is inspired by a quote that the artist's grandfather would use. The landscape is made to feel like an alternative universe or a computer game.

"Counter Void-S-I" by Tatsuo Miyajima

This lightbox sculpture can display all numbers between zero and nine, which are counters used by the artist to mark the passage of time. The countdown never reaches zero, but it cycles through the other numbers.

 "Reflect" by Martin Richman

Martin Richman has created this commission for Southbank Centre located on Level 5 of the Royal Festival Hall, and it uses waves of colour and light to create a sense of movement. It was inspired by the Thames.

Simon Barclay has created a neon artwork with the likeness of cartoon character Andy Capp. The artist used the image to fit a personality who cannot emphasise with others or who looks at the world with a closed mind. The artwork speaks about some attitudes in Britain today where people refuse change, resist progress, and look too fondly on the past.

"We Are In This Together" by Tavares Strachan

This artwork was inspired by a project in Colorado that took place five years ago and focused on housing, climate, food, immigration, and education for the community. The phrase "we are in this together" expresses the sense of shared purpose and community of people in this town in Colorado. The same challenges face areas and humans everywhere, and the artist created the artwork to establish the sense of unity.

"Once upon a time, a time that never was and always is" by Louiza Ntourou

This short film focuses on nature and life. It is minimal in style and focuses on a single leaf hanging on a tree, caught in an invisible spider's web. The music that accompanies the film is big band style from a different era, and it's a relaxing and nostalgic series of images.

"Mahakala" by Shezad Dawood

Dawood's artwork depicts one of the Tibetan gods. This god is used to overcome obstacles and represents compassion. The god is created with neon light, which is important in this artwork because colour and light are positive and come after darkness. 

"supercalifragilistic" by Kota Ezawa 

 Kota Ezawa uses colour and flat imagery to create artwork inspired by popular culture and events. This artwork features a never-ending fictional character "Mary Poppins" landing at a runway. 

"Unseen" by Suzie Larke

Suzie Larke creates photographic images by editing them digitally to transform everyday portraits into surrealist portraits. The images shown depict individuals who are coping and struggling, and this series looks particularly at mental wellbeing and isolation. This series of photographs hopes to raise awareness on the subject of mental wellbeing.

"Birds, Freedom, 2020" by Emma Talbot

This short animation depicts a female figure exploring an abstract and colourful landscape. The film invites us to explore with the character.

"Sisters" is the name of the mural that London-based street artist Zabou painted on a coffee shop at the bridge at Kingsland Road (between Hoxton and Haggerston) back in 2019. The mural depicts twin sisters who have got each other through troubling times with challenges such as Brexit, social unrest and division, displacement, and high living costs in London. The sisters are named Surprise and Success and were five years of age when this was painted.

When I first visited this location, the wall was occupied with a geisha, and you can see that original piece in my first Zabou write-up here: Street Art: Zabou. This is an area that I do not get to visit often, and an additional two murals appeared on this wall between my first visit in 2014/2015 and my recent visit in 2020. In early 2018, the wall was occupied with another mural, which was titled "Waiting For You", and it featured a woman with her arm resting on the railing, integrated into the surroundings of the environment.

In 2016, the wall contained the piece "Queen of Hoxton", which was refreshed at some point and is likely the only other mural that I have missed visiting on this wall.

Previous Zabou murals that have appeared on this blog include:

Zabou Paints Audrey Hepburn on Brick Lane
Zabou: "Jack the Ripper" Street Art
Zabou: 'Racism is a Virus' Street Art
New Murals by Zabou in East London (Clockwork Orange, Sherlock, David Bowie)
Zabou "The Shining" and Refresh of Salvador Dali in Spitalfields
Villana and Zabou Collaborate on Amy Winehouse Street Art
Zabou paints Sid Vicious from 'The Sex Pistols'
Zabou Paints Freda #2 at Broadway Market
Zabou Paints Salvador Dali on Commercial Road
Koeone and Zabou Collaborate
"Keep Out!" Street Art by Zabou
Zabou's 'Cabinet of Curiosity' Street Art
Leake Street Tunnels Street Art, Spring 2016
Recent Street Art by Zabou
Street Art: Zabou

Due to the coronavirus pandemic, this year's annual Canary Wharf "Winter Lights" has been replaced by a three-month-long annual light event that has been branded "Connected By Light". The event started at the beginning of December last year and is expected to finish on 27th February. There are some light installations to brighten our days in the winter months, especially with restrictions and lockdowns that will no doubt be continuing. The reason for hosting the event over three months this time was to prevent the installations from being over-crowded. The past two years have seen numbers greatly increase over the two weeks that the normal "Winter Lights" festival is on.

Overall, the event was smaller this year and did not include any installations that were interactive, which was expected. Disappointingly, most takeaway venues were closed with only a hamburger place and coffee shop opened, and these were incredibly busy and crowded, which was not safe. More places would have benefited out of being open for takeaways. Generally, I did feel pretty safe except for a couple of places where people were not keeping their distance.

Office Party by Parker Heyl

These colour-changing lights in the corner of an office block at Canary Wharf shift colour and pattern and reflect on the water below. The pandemic has meant that many Londoners are working from home, so "Office Party" comes from an idea that the work spaces have come to life. For me, the artwork meant that hopefully we will have office parties again and our workplaces will come to life again, particularly at this festive time of the year.

Neon Tree by Hawthorn

A favourite from last year, the neon tree has remained in Canada Square Park for another year. This tree has been decorated with bright neon ropes, and these transform the branches. The tree has a subtle glow during the daylight and is more vibrant at dark.

Lightbenches by LBO Lichtbank

Ten permanent lit-up benches were installed at Canada Square Park for the 2017 Winter Lights at Canary Wharf. The benches change colour gradually and are always a popular attraction with visitors who wish to sit on them and have their photographs taken on them. When I visited them this year, they were popular with families; a lot of children were out with their families.

Curious Fluorious by Baker & Borowski

Crossrail Place Roof Garden has been transformed into the world inspired by 'Alice in Wonderland' with plastic neon flamingos, cards, grinning faces, giant chess pieces, teapots, clocks, mushrooms, potion bottles, and more. The artists created the magical flourescent installation with the subtle glow onto the trees in the roof garden. Winding down the different paths in the roof garden brings you to explore the world. A couple additional pieces have also been set up to encourage visitors to use them in photographs.

Do be cautious and respectful of others here to keep your distance; the pathways are quite narrow, and there is not a one-way system. Unfortunately, some people were not always adhering to the distancing, and I do not feel safe to be too close to anyone at present.

We Could Meet by Martin Richman

This artwork is another permanent piece located at Canary Wharf, and it has been here 2015. It is located in the ditch on the side of Crossrail Place and is created using over 500 rods of light. The lights change in colour and frequency throughout the evening. The rods are designed to mimic reeds, so it is fitting for them to be in the ditch here and alongside of real reeds that are now growing here.

Captivated by Colour Camille Walala

Adams Plaza Bridge has become a permanent installation by renowned artist Camille Walala, who has painted many London buildings in the street art scene. The bridge is the latest piece, and it was painted in the autumn for London Mural Festival. The bridge is transformed with geometric patterns and colours, and the colours change throughout the day depending on how much light is let through the bridge structure. Many visitors will pass through this bridge, and their mood or perception will change depending on the installation.

bit.fall Julius Popp

This is another permanent installation at Canary Wharf. During my visit this year, the installation was not running, and there was one other year where it was also not running. The installation isuses light and water to create words that drop into the harbour below. The words are what the sculpture finds through various online news sources and what is being repeated in these news sources. 

Time & Tide by Paul & Pute

'Time & Tide' is another permanent installation that has been in Columbus Courtyard for the couple of few years. The hourglass-shaped installation appears to be made of plastic, but it is actually biodegradable and glows. The purpose is to remind people that we are running out of time to protect the oceans from plastic pollution.

Colour Cubed by Mandylights

A single light source inside the cube reflects on the facets of the cube and enables a colour transformation in the shape of the cube and the colours of light that reflect off of it, creating patterns on the ground. It is a simple but beautiful piece that explores light and colour and how it interacts with the surroundings.

Do be cautious and respectful of others here to keep your distance; the space around the cube and the stairs up are pinch points in pedestrian flow and selfie opportunities. Unfortunately, some people were not always adhering to the distancing, primarily when larger groups happen to turn up at once. Many of us do not feel safe to be in close proximinity of people, so respect distances please.

Tetra Park by Mandylights

Westferry Circus has been taken over by several large star-shaped structures made with LED strips. The lights change colour continuously with the different strips of light shifting colour. 

The Clew by Ottotto

This large red circular covering is installed on the bridge at Cubit Steps. The installation is created using one hundred circles of red light. It is inspired by the sunset's glow and architecture of the bridge. This is a permanent installation and has been located here for the past couple of years.

Newfoundland Reflections by Hawthorn

Newfoundland is a new residential building at Canary Wharf. The building is set aglow with different colours, and these colours reflect on the waters in the harbour below. 

Ghost Trees by Tom Wilkinson

This installation was difficult to photograph, but it depicts a series of lights that seem to be placed under the water, shooting ripples of light to the surface. The artwork is inspired by this area. When the East India docks were constructed at the end of the 1700s, evidence was discovered of a subterranean forest that was preserved; the tops of the trees had been snapped off by some unknown force that came from the north. The ripples of light represent the trees. 

The Stories Under Our Feet by Elisa Artesero

Jubilee Park contains a poetry trail of short poems created using light and shadow and set underneath benches. There are ten clusters of benches with poetry scattered around the park, and each cluster makes up a larger poem. I found two of these, but I did not want to linger in the search for the other ones due to the narrow pathways through the park with people mingling around. The two short poems that I saw read: "Dreaming together in the dances of time" and "You looked at me like a sky full of stars".

Murmuration by Squidsoup

Montgomery Square has been transformed into a light and sound show with hundreds of networked orbs in the sky. The installation simulates networked data moving through space, and the work was inspired by flocks of starlings. Accompanied by sound, the orbs switch colour and blink on and off.

I have been visiting Canary Wharf for their annual light trail for the past six years, and 2021 is its seventh year, although it has been rebranded and a three-month event due to the coronavirus pandemic. The 'Connected by Light' installation took place at the beginning of December and completes at the end of February. Previous visits to the Winter Lights at Canary Wharf can be seen below:

Canary Wharf Winter Lights 2020
Canary Wharf Winter Lights 2019
Winter Lights @ Canary Wharf 2018
Canary Wharf Winter Lights (2017)
Winter Lights @ Canary Wharf (2016)

Although I have lived in Ruislip for the past few years, I have never been to the Ruislip Woods or to visit the remains of the famous Battle of Britain House, which features often on community social media platforms. The history of this house is fascinating on a global scale, and I finally made a visit on one chilly and dreary afternoon in mid-January. I thought that I would get my daily exercise by exploring Ruislip Woods, and after a circle around, I realised that I had made a mistake because it was unbelievably muddy. I had not prepared for just how muddy and wet the ground would be, so I did not stick around long after getting fed up. But, I did want to show the remains of this one-beautiful house. I think I'll return to Ruislip Woods in the spring and once it's dry weather.

So, what is the history of the house? The Battle of Britain House history starts in 1904 when a Danish or German farmer named Josef Conn bought the lease for "Ducks Hill Plantation" from King's College Cambridge, who owned all or most of the land in Ruislip. (The majority of the housing estates in Ruislip, Ruislip Manor, and Ruislip Gardens were built in the 1930s after Kings College Cambridge sold the land for development.) Mrs. Josef Conn used their first residence here (Horsens) for a sort of wellness retreat that became popular at the time. World War I meant that the family left the house to Howard Stransom Button, who was famous for creating what is now known as Budgens supermarkets.

In 1920, a new resident moves in; the new resident is a travel writer from Tennessee and known as Meyer Franklin Kline. He made a fortune via a Japanese Steamer company and renovated the mansion and named it Kokyo after being inspired by the Japanese Palace in Tokyo. It was also decorated with luxury items gathered from his travels, including bronze lion statues that were placed in the garden. The house eventually was renamed to Franklin House, which was possibly to honour the American president as well as his own name. However, World War II meant that his business with Japan took a hit, and he could no longer afford it.

Around 1940, Mrs. Hertog whose family had fortune in the margarine industry in the Netherlands, resided at Franklin House. This family were the founders of Unilever, one of the largest companies for fast-moving consumer goods in the world today. This was only short-lived because the house became under ownership of the War Office during World War II. It was used to train U.S. Office of Strategic Services for missions in Europe. Agents were trained here to report on intelligence in Nazi-occupied Europe. Many never returned, and some of these were not honoured because they helped fuel the Communism in German forces at the time, and the Cold War and anti-Communism followed after World War II.

After World War II, the Royal Air Force converted Franklin House to a residential college. This also doubled as a memorial to the RAF squadrons that participated in the Battle of Britain, hence the name "Battle of Britain House" from 1947. Liberal arts courses were taught at the house as a memorial to those who perished.

Many members in the community today remember when they visited the house to attend various workshops in painting, pottery, literature, and other liberal arts courses. 

The Battle of Britain House met its end on a hot August day in 1984. During renovations, the house caught on fire and was completely destroyed. The council had no choice but to demolish the standing walls and let it be reclaimed by nature. It is now a part of Ruislip Woods. Below are a couple of images of the house in its heyday.

1) Image from Owen, Sid. "The Battle of Britain House : Exploring the ruins of a secret agent training facility", https://explorabilia.co.uk/2019/01/18/the-battle-of-britain-house/ [17 Jan, 2021]

2) Image from Bowlt, Colin. "FROM WOODS TO WOODS - the saving of the Battle of Britain House site", http://btckstorage.blob.core.windows.net/site8867/Journals/2011/J11Pg%2032-35.pdf [17 Jan, 2021]

Now, onto my visit of the Battle of Britain house in January of 2021, which is just under fourty years after the house was burned to the ground. Okay, it was not too muddy at the beginning of my visit. I had no idea what I was in for when I descended toward the house and then when I decided to walk further into the woods. 

Okay, it got a little wetter...but it got much worse!

I used the map and educated knowledge of visiting abandoned properties to discover where the house remains were located. Apparently it's difficult to locate the house, but once I followed the map to the appropriate location, a couple decorative pine trees on the edge of what looked like younger trees stuck out as once being a part of a garden...it's the sort of tree you find next to houses. (Daffodils are another item to look for if looking for remains of old/abandoned houses or ruins, and I did see some spring flowers of some sort poking through next to where the house's foundations were.) 

So, when I discovered the towering decorative pines in the distance in what looked like a bit of a clearing, I headed toward them. I discovered the remains of some structure with three cylindrical cement items in the middle. I am not sure what this building could have been, but they were in the middle of a clump of pines. This was just one building, and it was located almost to the front of the house.

From this little clump of trees, the mound of the remains of the former Battle of Britain House can be seen with a structure in the front. The structure is the staircase up the bank on which the house was built. In the below photograph, I am standing and looking at the former garden that you can see in one of the vintage photographs. I'm just to the right of the staircase, just off-centre.

From the top of the staircase, I can see the little pines where the concrete cylinders in the ground were located. The staircases were decorated with the bronze Chinese (Japanese?) lions at one point. I have no idea if they survived the fire or where they are now.

The ground here shows evidence of a fire as you can see the black ash. The ground feels dry. The house foundations itself were not located immediately in front of the staircase but were set back. It's not possible to see exactly where they were. I did follow a pathway to the back, which led to some concrete corner foundation and a mass of concrete, which was probably one of the boundaries. It was fenced off here.

After descending back down the staircase, I turned to the left and came across another set of foundations. This was probably an outbuilding of some sort.

It was wired up with electrics, and what I think was a drain is just outside it.

After exploring it, I felt a little creeped out. Abandoned places as this are often creepy to visit, so I did not linger. I decided to go for a quick walk around Ruislip Woods.

However, I did not get very far. The footpaths became muddier the further I walked, but I think it was just unlucky that the paths I took to get further into the woods were less muddy than where I ended up and the path that I choose to walk back. 

I'd already turned up and given up at this point. I discovered this massive puddle on my way back, but the whole footpath was like this in places. I wasn't expecting a muddy mess through the woods. I was expecting the footpaths to not be that muddy. Ops.

I found my visit to the Battle of Britain House to be fascinating, even if it eas eerie. It is a shame that the house has been destroyed. It had so much important history, and it would have been a real treasure to the community. Now, it's all forgotten. I think a memorial of some sort would have been good here, especially for the importance that the building served during the war years and its life after that. Many lived here and had memories of their time here. It is sad to see the forest reclaim it.

I researched about the Battle of Britain House online, so my writing is based on the different sources about it's history. More information and photographs about the Battle of Britain House can be read here: https://battleofbritainhouse.org/